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安装Nginx
以 Ubuntu 为例，安装命令为
sudo apt install nginx
常用指令
# 检查配置文件是否有问题
nginx -t# 热加载配置文件
nginx -s reload# 等待处理完当前请求并退出
nginx -s quit# 快速退出
nginx -s stop
目录结构
nginx 默认安装位置一般在 /etc/nginx 目录，默认配置文件为 nginx.conf
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4.0K May 30 2023 conf.d
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1.1K May 30 2023 fastcgi.conf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1.1K May 30 2023 fastcgi_params
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2.8K May 30 2023 koi-utf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2.2K May 30 2023 koi-win
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3.9K May 30 2023 mime.types
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4.0K May 30 2023 modules-available
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4.0K May 1 19:21 modules-enabled
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1.5K May 30 2023 nginx.conf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 180 May 30 2023 proxy_params
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 636 May 30 2023 scgi_params
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4.0K May 1 19:46 sites-available
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4.0K May 1 19:21 sites-enabled
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4.0K May 1 19:21 snippets
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 664 May 30 2023 uwsgi_params
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3.0K May 30 2023 win-utf
通常建议将全局配置拆分并放在conf.d目录下，并通过include指令引用，比如默认配置文件中
include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
将每个虚拟站点配置放在sites-available下，并将使用的站点链接到sites-enabled文件夹，默认的配置文件中
include /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/*;
例如配置文件结构为
nginx
├── nginx.conf
├── conf.d/
├── sites-available/
│ ├── site1
│ └── site2
└── sites-enabled/└── site1 -> ../sites-available/site1
配置文件
nginx 配置文件由指令控制的模块组成，指令分为简单指令(simple directives)和块指令(block directives)。
简单指令由名字、参数和分号组成，例如
listen 80;
块指令则将分号替换为花括号{}，例如
events {
}
可以包含其他指令的块指令称为上下文(context)， 例如 events、http、server和 location。
配置文件中不包含在其他上下文中的指令则属于主上下文(main context)，events和http指令位于main context, server 位于http 中, location 位于 server 中。#开头的为注释。
例如默认配置文件nginx.conf
user www-data;
worker_processes auto;
pid /run/nginx.pid;
include /etc/nginx/modules-enabled/*.conf;events {worker_connections 768;# multi_accept on;
}http {### Basic Settings##sendfile on;tcp_nopush on;types_hash_max_size 2048;# server_tokens off;# server_names_hash_bucket_size 64;# server_name_in_redirect off;include /etc/nginx/mime.types;default_type application/octet-stream;### SSL Settings##ssl_protocols TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2 TLSv1.3; # Dropping SSLv3, ref: POODLEssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;### Logging Settings##access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log;error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;### Gzip Settings##gzip on;# gzip_vary on;# gzip_proxied any;# gzip_comp_level 6;# gzip_buffers 16 8k;# gzip_http_version 1.1;# gzip_types text/plain text/css application/json application/javascript text/xml application/xml application/xml+rss text/javascript;### Virtual Host Configs##include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;include /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/*;
}#mail {
# # See sample authentication script at:
# # http://wiki.nginx.org/ImapAuthenticateWithApachePhpScript
#
# # auth_http localhost/auth.php;
# # pop3_capabilities "TOP" "USER";
# # imap_capabilities "IMAP4rev1" "UIDPLUS";
#
# server {
# listen localhost:110;
# protocol pop3;
# proxy on;
# }
#
# server {
# listen localhost:143;
# protocol imap;
# proxy on;
# }
#}