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🦈场景：将测试环境中一台Oracle 11g数据库迁移到另一台新搭建的19c数据库中。

🤔分析：由于是跨数据库大版本，无法通过RMAN进行备份恢复来迁移数据库。数据库整体数据量较小，约1T左右，source库有充足的停机时间，因此可以采用数据泵技术来迁移数据库。

• source库版本：11.2.0.4
• target库版本: 19c
• OS版本: RHEL 7.6
• 数据量：1.2T

source库导出元数据

⭐️Tolist-1. 在source库上，修改用户自定义表空间为只读模式，导出数据库系统数据。

设置用户自定义表空间为只读：

--确认用户表空间清单
select tablespace_name,status from dba_tablespaces; --修改用户表空间为只读
ALTER TABLESPACE ts_sysmanage_idx READ ONLY;
ALTER TABLESPACE ts_sysmanage READ ONLY;ALTER TABLESPACE ts_aiia_idx READ ONLY;
ALTER TABLESPACE ts_aiia READ ONLY;ALTER TABLESPACE ts_abde_idx READ ONLY;
ALTER TABLESPACE ts_abde READ ONLY;ALTER TABLESPACE ts_src_idx READ ONLY;
ALTER TABLESPACE ts_src READ ONLY;ALTER TABLESPACE top_user READ ONLY;
ALTER TABLESPACE recon READ ONLY;ALTER TABLESPACE USERS READ ONLY;--确认只读的表空间
select tablespace_name,status from dba_tablespaces;  --创建数据泵（如果没有）
select * from dba_directories where directory_name='DUMPDIR';
create directory dumpdir as '/oradata/backup';

导出数据库（导出库是11g时，需添加参数VERSION=12）：

export ORACLE_SID=reconexpdp \'/ as sysdba\' directory=dumpdir full=y \
dumpfile=dump_${ORACLE_SID}_full_`date +%F`_%U.dmp \
logfile=dump_${ORACLE_SID}_full_`date +%F`.log \
TRANSPORTABLE=ALWAYS VERSION=12

该过程只会导出元数据和SYSTEM、SYSAUX表空间的数据，因此速度会比较快。

如果收到下面的报错：

ORA-39123: Data Pump transportable tablespace job aborted
ORA-39185: The transportable tablespace failure list isORA-29335: tablespace 'USERS' is not read only

需要把USERS表空间也改为只读。

导出完成后，检查输出信息中需要传输到target库的数据文件清单：

******************************************************************************
...
Master table "SYS"."SYS_EXPORT_FULL_02" successfully loaded/unloaded
******************************************************************************
Dump file set for SYS.SYS_EXPORT_FULL_02 is:/oradata/backup/dump_recon_full_2024-02-21_01.dmp
******************************************************************************
Datafiles required for transportable tablespace RECON:/oradata/RECON/datafile/o1_mf_recon_l06cyctt_.dbf/oradata/RECON/datafile/o1_mf_recon_l0682wv2_.dbf
Datafiles required for transportable tablespace TS_abde:/oradata/RECON/datafile/o1_mf_ts_abde_l064h30m_.dbf/oradata/RECON/datafile/o1_mf_ts_abde_l39kkof2_.dbf/oradata/RECON/datafile/o1_mf_ts_abde_l064h30s_.dbf/oradata/RECON/datafile/o1_mf_ts_abde_l064h30t_.dbf/oradata/RECON/datafile/o1_mf_ts_abde_l064h310_.dbf/oradata/RECON/datafile/o1_mf_ts_abde_l064h313_.dbf/oradata/RECON/datafile/o1_mf_ts_abde_l064h322_.dbf/oradata/RECON/datafile/o1_mf_ts_abde_l064h325_.dbf/oradata/RECON/datafile/o1_mf_ts_abde_l064h32d_.dbf/oradata/RECON/datafile/o1_mf_ts_abde_l064h34l_.dbf/oradata/RECON/datafile/o1_mf_ts_abde_l0682wrp_.dbf/oradata/RECON/datafile/o1_mf_ts_abde_l0682wrr_.dbf/oradata/RECON/datafile/o1_mf_ts_abde_l0682wsy_.dbf/oradata/RECON/datafile/o1_mf_ts_abde_l0682wt0_.dbf/oradata/RECON/datafile/o1_mf_ts_abde_l068s81z_.dbf/oradata/RECON/datafile/o1_mf_ts_abde_l068s821_.dbf/oradata/RECON/datafile/o1_mf_ts_abde_l068s822_.dbf/oradata/RECON/datafile/o1_mf_ts_abde_l068s83b_.dbf/oradata/RECON/datafile/o1_mf_ts_abde_l06cycrc_.dbf/oradata/RECON/datafile/o1_mf_ts_abde_l06cycrf_.dbf/oradata/RECON/datafile/o1_mf_ts_abde_l06cycrh_.dbf/oradata/RECON/datafile/o1_mf_ts_abde_l06cycsn_.dbf/oradata/RECON/datafile/o1_mf_ts_abde_l06dkx10_.dbf/oradata/RECON/datafile/o1_mf_ts_abde_l06dkx12_.dbf/oradata/RECON/datafile/o1_mf_ts_abde_l06dkx14_.dbf/oradata/RECON/datafile/o1_mf_ts_abde_l06dkx27_.dbf/oradata/RECON/datafile/o1_mf_ts_abde_l06dkx39_.dbf/oradata/RECON/datafile/o1_mf_ts_abde_l06dkx3d_.dbf/oradata/RECON/datafile/o1_mf_ts_abde_l39kkfjh_.dbf/oradata/RECON/datafile/o1_mf_ts_abde_l064h30p_.dbf
Datafiles required for transportable tablespace TS_abde_IDX:/oradata/RECON/datafile/o1_mf_ts_abde__l0682wrm_.dbf/oradata/RECON/datafile/o1_mf_ts_abde__l06cyctp_.dbf/oradata/RECON/datafile/o1_mf_ts_abde__l06cycsp_.dbf/oradata/RECON/datafile/o1_mf_ts_abde__l068s84d_.dbf
Datafiles required for transportable tablespace TS_aiia:/oradata/RECON/datafile/o1_mf_ts_aiia_l06cycvs_.dbf
Datafiles required for transportable tablespace TS_aiia_IDX:/oradata/RECON/datafile/o1_mf_ts_aiia__l0682ww2_.dbf
Datafiles required for transportable tablespace TS_SRC:/oradata/RECON/datafile/o1_mf_ts_src_l064h348_.dbf
Datafiles required for transportable tablespace TS_SRC_IDX:/oradata/RECON/datafile/o1_mf_ts_src_i_l064h33l_.dbf
Datafiles required for transportable tablespace TS_SYSMANAGE:/oradata/RECON/datafile/o1_mf_ts_sysma_l06dkx2b_.dbf/oradata/RECON/datafile/o1_mf_ts_sysma_l064h335_.dbf
Datafiles required for transportable tablespace TS_SYSMANAGE_IDX:/oradata/RECON/datafile/o1_mf_ts_sysma_l068s85g_.dbf
Datafiles required for transportable tablespace USERS:/oradata/RECON/datafile/o1_mf_users_l068s84g_.dbf
Job "SYS"."SYS_EXPORT_FULL_02" successfully completed at Wed Feb 21 09:07:48 2024 elapsed 0 00:01:08

传输dump和数据文件到target库

⭐️Tolist-2. 将导出的dump文件拷贝到target库所在的服务器。

scp /oradata/backup/dump_recon_full_2024-02-21* oracle@x.x.x.x:/oradata/backup

将dump文件拷贝到target库服务器的dumpdir对应的路径下。

⭐️Tolist-3. 将source库上用户自定义表空间对应的数据文件拷贝到target库所在的服务器。

拷贝到target库的数据文件目录下。

cd /oradata/RECON/datafile/
scp *.dbf oracle@x.x.x.x:/oradata/RECON_0/datatfile

不需要拷贝系统表空间、TEMP和UNDO表空间：

$ ls datafile/ | grep sysaux
$ ls datafile/ | grep system
$ ls datafile/ | grep temp
$ ls datafile/ | grep undo

检查source库和target库所在平台的endian是否相同。如果不同的话需要进行表空间转换。

SELECT d.PLATFORM_NAME, ENDIAN_FORMATFROM V$TRANSPORTABLE_PLATFORM tp, V$DATABASE dWHERE tp.PLATFORM_NAME = d.PLATFORM_NAME;

如果操作系统是相同的，比如都是Linux RHEL 7.6，那么endian也应该是相同的。

⭐️Tolist-4. 将source库上用户自定义表空间恢复成可读写模式。

ALTER TABLESPACE ts_sysmanage_idx READ WRITE;
ALTER TABLESPACE ts_sysmanage READ WRITE;ALTER TABLESPACE ts_aiia_idx READ WRITE;
ALTER TABLESPACE ts_aiia READ WRITE;ALTER TABLESPACE ts_abde_idx READ WRITE;
ALTER TABLESPACE ts_abde READ WRITE;ALTER TABLESPACE ts_src_idx READ WRITE;
ALTER TABLESPACE ts_src READ WRITE;ALTER TABLESPACE top_user READ WRITE;
ALTER TABLESPACE recon READ WRITE;ALTER TABLESPACE USERS READ WRITE;

target库导入数据库

⭐️Tolist-5. 在target库上导入dump文件。

创建数据泵：

select * from dba_directories where directory_name='DUMPDIR';
create directory dumpdir as '/oradata/backup';

准备一个parfile，写入impdp的参数:

full=Y
directory=dumpdir 
dumpfile=dump_recon_full_2024-02-21_01.dmp 
logfile=import.log
transport_datafiles=
'/oradata/RECON_0/datafile/o1_mf_recon_l06cyctt_.dbf',
'/oradata/RECON_0/datafile/o1_mf_recon_l0682wv2_.dbf',
...
'/oradata/RECON_)/datafile/o1_mf_users_l068s84g_.dbf'

导入数据库dump文件：

export ORACLE_SID=reconimpdp \'/ as sysdba\' parfile='par.f'

如果收到以下报错：

ORA-39123: Data Pump transportable tablespace job aborted
ORA-29349: tablespace 'USERS' already exists

解决办法如下：

--尝试删除target库的USERS表空间
sys@RECON_0> drop tablespace users;
drop tablespace users
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-12919: Can not drop the default permanent tablespace--尝试重命名已有的USERS表空间：
alter tablespace USERS rename to USERS_OLD;
select tablespace_name,status from dba_tablespaces;

重新导入：

impdp \'/ as sysdba\' parfile='par.f'

也可以给impdp加上以下参数来排除不导入USERS表空间：

exclude=tablespace:"IN ('USERS')"

迁移后的工作

导入过程中可能遇到的报错：

ORA-39083: Object type ALTER_PROCEDURE:"ABDE"."P8005030308" failed to create with error:
ORA-04052: error occurred when looking up remote object GP3USER.CALENDRIER_PORTEFEUILLE@GP3DB
ORA-00604: error occurred at recursive SQL level 3
ORA-01017: invalid username/password; logon denied
ORA-02063: preceding line from GP3DBFailing sql is:ALTER PROCEDURE "ABDE"."P8005030308"   COMPILE     PLSQL_OPTIMIZE_LEVEL=  2    PLSQL_CODE_TYPE=  INTERPRETED    PLSQL_DEBUG=  TRUE    PLSCOPE_SETTINGS=  'IDENTIFIERS:NONE'  NLS_LENGTH_SEMANTICS= CHAR REUSE SETTINGS TIMESTAMP '2022-12-06 21:14:17'ORA-39083: Object type ALTER_PROCEDURE:"ABDE"."P8002190101" failed to create with error:
ORA-04052: error occurred when looking up remote object AIIA.AIIA_MASTER_FILE@ABDE
ORA-00604: error occurred at recursive SQL level 3
ORA-12514: TNS:listener does not currently know of service requested in connect descriptor
...ORA-39082: Object type PROCEDURE:"ABDE"."P600200161011" created with compilation warningsJob "SYS"."SYS_IMPORT_FULL_01" completed with 68 error(s) at Wed Feb 21 15:38:55 2024 elapsed 0 00:03:03

注：在source库导出数据时，可以排除DBLINK和STATISTICS。

在target导入完成后，应用用户需要重建DBLINK并重新编译报错的存储过程。

Reference
【1】https://docs.oracle.com/en/database/oracle/oracle-database/12.2/sutil/oracle-data-pump-export-utility.html#GUID-BA07401C-6261-4B07-AD2C-06CD0A6E0BE9
【2】https://docs.oracle.com/en/database/oracle/oracle-database/12.2/admin/transporting-data.html#GUID-05DFEA70-FDAF-4FAF-BF26-37225151A7D7